A Treatise on Painting, by Leonardo da Vinci
1721
Senex and Taylor, London
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All the Figures in a Painting, ought to be in an Attitude suitable to the Subject they represent; so that in viewing them, one may easily know what they think, and what they wou'd say. To assist your Imagination, in thus suiting the Attitudes to your Figures, consider attentively the Gestures of Mutes, who express the Thoughts and Conceptions of their Mind, by the Motions of their Eyes, Hands, and whole Body: Nor must you be surprized that I send you to a Master without a Tongue, to learn an Art of which he is Ignorant himself; since Experience makes it appear, that he will teach you more by his Actions, than all the World besides, with their Words and Lectures. A Painter therefore, before he fix his Attitudes, shou'd consider the Quality of those who speak, together with the Nature of the Business they speak on; in order to apply the Example of a Mute, which I here propose, to his Purpose.