A Treatise on Painting, by Leonardo da Vinci
1721
Senex and Taylor, London
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The Navel is always found in the Central Line of the Stomach, which is over it, and is affected in the same manner by a Foreign or Accidental Weight, as with the NaturaWeight of its own Body: This is seen in stretching out the Arm, where the Hand at its extreme, has the effect of a Weight at the end of a Stilyard; so that to preserve the Equipoise, it becomes necessary to throw so much of the Natural Weight of the Body, on the other side of the Navel, as is equivalent to the accessary Weight of the extended Arm and its Hand: To which end it is frequently found necessary to raise the Heel of that side, and to keep it suspended from the Ground.